Introduction
While you think the famous believe that concrete and cement are the same but it's exactly opposite. it is one of the ingredients of concrete.
Concrete can be produced by 3 prime ingredients
1 water
2 aggregate (rock sand or gravel)
3 Portland cement
Well cement is basically in the powder form acts and type agent when blended with water and aggregate.
This composition will be poured and solidify into durable material which is very known to us.
There are three basic components in the concrete mix:
Portland Cement
Water
Aggregates (rock and sand)
Portland Cement -
The water and cement when mix forms a paste or a slurry and which coats aggregate and sand to the mixed together.
Water-
What can you say about water, water is the the main component which is needed to chemically behave with the the cement and provide workability.
Weight of water to the the weight of cement used in concrete mix termed as water cement ratio.
Lower the water cement ratio leads to higher strength and durability. Workability can be oee improved by adding plasticizers are super plasticizers.
Aggregates-
Sand is the fine aggregate. crushed stone or Gravel is the coarse aggregate in most mixes.
Desired properties of concrete
1. Concrete mix can be deposited and consolidated properly by you or your work mason which used to find concrete is workable or not.
2. Economy. It can be achieved by lowering the use of water and thus lowering the use of cement show the cost of concrete mix can be made cheaper.
3. Desired qualities of the hardened concrete are: resistance to freezing water tightness thawing strength wear resistance. You should know what you actually want to achieve.
Following steps can reduce the water cement ratio requirement:-
1. Possible you can use the stiffest mix.
2. Try using largest possible grade for your construction.
3. Connect with your ready mix supplier to achieve your goal use the stiffest mix possible.
4. Use the optimum ratio of fine to coarse aggregate.
5. Admixtures are additions to the mix used to achieve certain goals.
Following are the some of the prime admixtures for using in the concrete:-
Accelerating admixture-
Accelerator are generally used to reduce the setting time of concrete and hence which will effect aur increase the strength of the concrete. The quantity of reduction in setting time differentiate with the use of admixture.
Some of the accelerating admixtures are calcium formate, silica fume,etc. Non chloride accelerator is recommended to prevent the the corrosion of reinforcement Steel.
Retarding admixtures-
These are admixtures can be used in the hot weather condition which is is useful to delay setting time. it can also be used as special finishing operations, most of the retarders can also be used as reduce the water in the concrete.
Fly Ash-
fly ash is the product which can be achieved by igniting the crushed coal in the electric generation plant. for using fly ash in the concrete it increases strength of concrete. 15% to 13% of the cement in the mix of concrete can be replaced by fly ash.
Workability can be improved by fly ash
Fly ash is easier to finish
Heat generated in the concrete can be reduced by fly ash.
Fly ash is cheaper than the cement.
Air Entraining Admixtures- should be used whenever concrete is revealed to thawing and freezing.
Air entraining agents ingress microscopic air bubbles in the concrete: in the winter hard dry concrete freezes, the water in the concrete expand into the air bubbles and thus damaging of concrete can be controlled.
Air entrainment improves concrete workability
Air entrainment improves durability
Air entrainment produces a more workable mix.
Water reducing admixtures-The admixture which are used to reduce the percentage of water in the concrete mix are called as water reducing admixtures. The water cement ratio should be lower and the strength will be greater. 5 to 10% water can be reduced by low range water reducers and on the other hand 12 to 30% can be reduced by using the high range water reducers but they are really expensive and thus very little use in residential buildings.
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